Resistance and Resilience (1000–1700 CE) — Class 9 MCQs with Answers

Resistance and Resilience (1000–1700 CE) — important questions & MCQs with answers (Class 9 Social Science)

6 solved questions from this chapter's difficulty levels, each with its answer and explanation. Tap an option to check yourself.

0 of 6 answered

1. Q1 of 6Easy

   How does the chapter define 'resistance'?

   AActively opposing a force, authority or threat to protect power, territory, interests or identityBThe capacity to survive and adapt in challenging situations while keeping traditionsCAssigning territories to military commanders in place of paying salariesDGranting ranks to nobles to combine military and civil administration
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   Answer: Actively opposing a force, authority or threat to protect power, territory, interests or identity

   Explanation: The book defines resistance as actively opposing a force, authority or threat to protect political power, territory, interests or cultural and spiritual identity. The capacity to survive and adapt is its definition of resilience.

2. Q2 of 6Easy

   For roughly how long did the Ahom kingdom of Assam maintain its political independence?

   AAbout two centuries (1615–1826)BAlmost six centuries (1228–1826)CAbout four centuries (1336–1826)DAlmost eight centuries (1001–1826)
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   Answer: Almost six centuries (1228–1826)

   Explanation: The Ahom kingdom maintained its political independence for almost six centuries, from 1228 to 1826, and resisted several invasions and attempts at annexation.

3. Q3 of 6Medium

   Why did Maratha forts function as strategic nuclei for guerrilla warfare?

   AThey stood on open plains where large cavalry armies could gather and chargeBThey were mainly religious centres, so enemies avoided attacking themCIn a land of hills and deep valleys, the fort network allowed swift attacks and safe retreatsDThey were all clustered around one capital so troops could reach it in a day
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   Answer: In a land of hills and deep valleys, the fort network allowed swift attacks and safe retreats

   Explanation: Maratha territories had hills and deep valleys, and the network of forts let the Marathas launch swift attacks from different directions and gave them safe retreats.

4. Q4 of 6Medium

   Assertion (A): The treaty the Mughals negotiated with Mewar clearly acknowledged Mewar's continued autonomy. Reason (R): Under the treaty, the Mewar leadership was exempted from personal attendance at the Mughal court.

   ABoth A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of ABBoth A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of ACA is true but R is falseDA is false but R is true
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   Answer: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

   Explanation: Both are true, and R explains A. The chapter says this exemption from attending the Mughal court is what clearly acknowledged Mewar's continued autonomy.

5. Q5 of 6Hard

   Which statement about resistance to the Turkish invasions is correct according to the chapter?

   AThe Turks conquered present-day Odisha towards the end of the 12th centuryBGujarat, Malwa and Bundelkhand put up stiff resistance for about a hundred years after the 12th centuryCThe Senas held out against Turkic control throughout the 13th centuryDPeninsular India bore the brunt of the Turkish invasions in the 11th century
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   Answer: Gujarat, Malwa and Bundelkhand put up stiff resistance for about a hundred years after the 12th century

   Explanation: While the Chauhāns, Gahaḍavālas and Senas came under Turkic control by the end of the 12th century, Gujarat, Malwa and Bundelkhand resisted for about a hundred years more. The Turks failed to conquer present-day Odisha, and peninsular India stayed free of Turkic control.

6. Q6 of 6Hard

   Assertion (A): The Vijayanagara Empire rose in 1336 to check the expansion of the Delhi Sultanate into peninsular India. Reason (R): Kṛiṣhṇadevarāya provided grants to many temples, including Tirupati and the Vitthala temple.

   ABoth A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of ABBoth A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of ACA is true but R is falseDA is false but R is true
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   Answer: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

   Explanation: Both statements are true according to the chapter, but Kṛiṣhṇadevarāya's temple grants belong to the 16th century and do not explain why the empire rose in 1336; it rose against the backdrop of Sultanate campaigns in the south.

Resistance and Resilience (1000–1700 CE) notes: key concepts (Class 9 Social Science)

Between 1000 and 1700 CE, kingdoms and communities across India resisted invasions and imperial expansion — Rajput confederacies and Mewar, the Ahoms, Vijayanagara, the Marathas, the Sikhs and the Jats. The chapter also traces resilience: how the Bhakti tradition, temples, and farming and trading networks carried society through centuries of change.

Resilience

The capacity to survive and adapt in challenging times while preserving inherited socio-cultural and spiritual traditions. The book calls resilience 'the backbone of resistance'.

Resistance

Actively opposing a force, authority or threat to protect power, territory, interests or identity. It may take the form of warfare, alliances, diplomacy or negotiation.

Early resistance to Turkish invasions

Mahmūd of Ghaznī first invaded in 1001, against Jayapāla (Hindu Shāhi). In 1178 Nāikī Devī defeated Muhammad Ghūrī at Kasahrada near Mount Abu. In the 11th–12th centuries peninsular India stayed free of Turkic control.

Delhi Sultanate and its opponents

Set up in 1206; its iqta system raised the peasants' burden. The Yādavas (Devagiri), Kākatīyas (Warangal), Hoysālas and Rajput dynasties repeatedly resisted the Sultans.

Khanua and Rajput–Mughal relations

Bābur won Panipat in 1526; in 1527 Rāṇā Sāngā led a Rajput confederacy against him at Khanua. Mewar resisted the Mughals, the Kachhwāhas of Amber negotiated cooperation, and some Rajputs were given mansabs.

Mewar's resistance

Rāṇā Udai Singh defended Chittor (1567–68); Mahārāṇā Pratāp fought at Haldighati (1576), used guerrilla warfare and won at Dewair (1582). A later treaty exempted Mewar from attending the Mughal court.

Ahom kingdom

Independent for almost six centuries (1228–1826). Lachit Borphukan defeated a Mughal fleet at Saraighat (1671). Its strength: terrain, guerrilla tactics, the Paik system and fast bāchārī boats.

Vijayanagara Empire

Founded in 1336 by Harihara and Bukkā near Hampi; the name means 'City of Victory'. Kumāra Kampana ended the Madurai Sultanate. Defeated at Talikota (1565) by the Deccan sultanates.

Swarājya

Self-rule: an independent, self-governing territory free from external control. Chhatrapati Śhivājī, linked to the independent Maratha state of 1674, is seen as one of its earliest proponents.

Maratha forts

Forts such as Raigad and Sinhagad were nuclei for guerrilla warfare in hilly terrain. Frontier forts served as fallback capitals, and forts were also centres of administration and justice.

Mīrī-pīrī

The Guru's authority over spiritual (pīrī) and worldly (mīrī) affairs. In Amritsar, Harmandir Sahib stood for pīrī and the Akāl Takht, set up by Guru Hargobind, for mīrī.

Khalsa and misals

Guru Gobind Singh established the Khalsa in 1699 with a distinct martial code. Facing Mughal hostility, Sikhs formed armed groups called misals, which became a network of confederacies.

Jat resistance

Jats of the Ganga–Yamuna Doab rebelled under Gokul Jat in 1669 and in 1686 under the zamindars of Sinsani and Sogar. The Mughals gained the upper hand by 1691, yet resistance continued.

Bhakti as resilience

Hymns in local languages, nām kīrtan (reciting the divine Name) and community participation (satsang) made devotion less dependent on physical structures that could be destroyed, and harder to suppress.

Temples and havelī temples

Temples were economic hubs and sources of political legitimacy. From the 16th century, 'havelī temples' in narrow lanes, built like houses and often without tall shikharas, show communities adapting to avoid destruction.

Indian Ocean trade after 1500

The Portuguese, then the Dutch, English, Danes and French, entered an existing trade system. Gujarati merchants gained, and vellalār and peasant groups also took up commerce.